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mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of chemically based self-consolidating concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Mark EZZELL, Jeffery S VOLZ

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 36-45 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0243-0

Abstract: mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of a chemically-based self-consolidating concrete(SCC) mix with that of a corresponding conventional concrete (CC) mix.

Keywords： admixture     conventional concrete (CC)     creep     fracture mechanic     mechanical Properties     self-consolidatingconcrete (SCC)     shrinkage    

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Compressive and cyclic flexural response of double-hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete

GENIKOMSOU; Mark F. GREEN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 9,   Pages 1104-1126 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0845-x

Abstract: high-performance double-hooked-end steel fibers have enhanced the wide applications of steel fiber reinforced concrete

Keywords： steel fiber reinforced concrete     fiber geometry     cyclic loading     energy dissipation     finite element modeling    

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On Some Important Problems About Concrete Dams

Zhu Bofang

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 7,   Pages 21-29

Abstract:

The number, the height and the size of concrete dams under construction in China are the biggest onesSome important problems about concrete dams are discussed in this paper: (1) The key technique for terminating;.(2) Two kinds of guiding thoughts and two results of practical engineering for application of MgO concreteto dam. (3) Concrete mark based on 90 d or 180 d age is more appropriate for concrete dams than concreteclass based on 28 d age . (4) The safety factor for compressive stress for the specially heigh concrete

Keywords： concrete dam     cracks     concrete mark     safety factor for compressive stress     equivalent stress for finite element    

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Editorial of the Special Issue on Novel Methodologies in Air Transportation

Jun Zhang, Mark Hansen

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 413-414 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.003

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2019 highlights of the structural revision of natural product

Zongjia Chen, Mark A. Rizzacasa

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3,   Pages 595-601 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1971-4

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Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 115-124 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0348-8

Abstract: Understanding the spatial variability of household carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy-making and implementation.

Keywords： household carbon emissions     spatial variability     energy policy     Shanghai     China    

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Field investigation of intelligent compaction for hot mix asphalt resurfacing

Wei HU,Xiang SHU,Baoshan HUANG,Mark WOODS

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 47-55 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0362-x

Abstract:

Intelligent compaction (IC) is a relatively new technology for asphalt paving industry. The present study evaluated the effectiveness and potential issues of the IC technology for flexible pavement resurfacing construction using two field projects. In the first project, a geostatistical semivariogram model was established and the parameters derived from it were compared with univariate statistical parameters for the Compaction Meter Value (CMV) data. Further analyses illustrated the effect of temperature on the CMV value and compaction uniformity. In the second project, a multivariate analysis was performed between in situ tests and IC data. The possibility of combining various IC data to predict the asphalt layer density and improve the current quality control and assurance system was discussed.

Keywords： intelligent compaction     compaction meter value (CMV)     semivariogram     multivariate analysis    

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Application of electrochemical depassivation in PRB systems to recovery Fe

Xin LU, Miao LI, Hao DENG, Pengfei LIN, Mark R. MATSUMOTO, Xiang LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0843-0

Abstract: Utilizing electrochemical depassivation to recovery Fe activity was effective, and minerals were cleaned layer by layer, with no ions secondary contamination, and no transformation from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Electrochemical depassivation process under various electrolysis conditions was revealed. Electro-PRB configuration for caisson excavation construction technique was designed. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) show remarkable Cr(VI) removal performance. However, the diminished removal rate because of mineral fouling over time is the bottleneck for application of PRBs. The present study demonstrated that electrochemical depassivation was effective for recovering the Fe reactivity, and minerals can be cleaned layer by layer with no secondary ion contamination and no transformation from Cr(III) to Cr(VI). The removal recovery rate increased with increasing electrolysis voltage before reaching the optimal electrolysis voltage, and then decreased as the electrolysis voltage further increased. The recovery effect at electrolysis voltages of 5, 10, and 15 V show the same trend as a function of electrolysis time, where recovery rate first increased and then decreased after reaching the optimal electrolysis time. The Cr(VI) removal rate significantly decreased with increasing electrolysis distance. Furthermore, Fe brush meshes electrode, Fe fillings, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) meshes separators were combined to create an Electro-PRB configuration for the caisson excavation construction technique, which lays the foundation for establishment of promising Electro-PRB systems to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater.

Keywords： PRB     Cr(VI)     Fe     Passivation     Electrochemical depassivation    

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Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of high-pressure flames

Jason BASSI, Mark STRINGER, Bob MILES, Yang ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 123-133 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0033-x

Abstract: Laser spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared is widely used as a diagnostic tool for combustion devices, but this approach is difficult at high pressures within a sooty flame itself. High soot concentrations render flames opaque to visible light, but they remain transparent to far-infrared or terahertz (THz) radiation. The first far-infrared absorption spectra, to the best of our knowledge, of sooty, non-premixed, ethylene high-pressure flames covering the region of 0.2-2.5 THz is presented. A specially designed high-pressure burner which is optically accessible to THz radiation has been built allowing flame transmission measurements up to pressures of 1.6 MPa. Calculations of the theoretical combustion species absorption spectra in the 0.2-3 THz range have shown that almost all the observable features arise from H O. A few OH (1.84 and 2.51 THz), CH (2.58 THz), and NH (1.77 and 2.95 THz) absorption lines are also observable in principle. A large number of H O absorption lines are observed in the ground vibrational in a laminar non-premixed, sooty flame (ethylene) at pressures up to 1.6 MPa.

Keywords： terahertz time-domain spectroscopy     high-pressure flames     H2O absorption lines    

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Integrated energy in Germany–A critical look at the development and state of integrated energies in Germany

Saman AMANPOUR, Daniel HUCK, Mark KUPRAT, Harald SCHWARZ

Frontiers in Energy 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 493-500 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0570-2

Abstract: In the face of global warming and a scarcity of resources, future energy systems are urged to undergo a major and radical transformation. The recognition of the need to embrace renewable energy technologies and to move toward decarbonization has led to significant changes in the German energy generation, consumption and infrastructure. Ambitious German national plans to decrease carbon dioxide emissions on one side, and the unpredictable and volatile nature of renewable energy sources on the other side have elevated the importance of integrated energies in recent years. The deployment of integrated technologies as a solution to interlink various infrastructures creates opportunities for increasing the reliability of energy systems, minimizing environmental impacts and maximizing the share of renewable resources. This paper discusses the role of integrated energy systems in supporting of sustainable solutions for future energy transitions. Moreover, the reinforcement of this movement with the help of different technologies will be discussed and the development of integrated energy systems in Germany will be reviewed.

Keywords： integrated energy     renewable energies     energy transition     power-to-gas     power-to-heat     power-to-mobility     energy storage    

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Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Guangxue WU , Zhenhu HU , Mark G. HEALY , Xinmin ZHAN ,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 300-306 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0031-6

Abstract: Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C) and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding CH production process. However, CH production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH production potential was in the range of 389 to 503mL CH/g VS MBM and 464 to 555mL CH/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively.

Keywords： thermochemical pretreatment     meat and bone meal     solid reduction     solid solubilization     methane production potential    

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Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends

Wenqing Xu, Mark L. Segall, Zhao Li

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1265-6

Abstract: Abstract • Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) promote both chemical and microbial synergies. • Discussion of PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation pathways of organic pollutants. • Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) can mimic the performance of PCM. • CMPs offer a platform that allows for systematic variation of individual properties. Pyrogenic Carbonaceous matter (PCM; e.g., black carbon, biochar, and activated carbon) are solid residues from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel or biomass. They are traditionally viewed as inert adsorbents for sequestering contaminants from the aqueous phase or providing surfaces for microbes to grow. In this account, we reviewed the recently discovered reactivity of PCM in promoting both chemical and microbial synergies that are important in pollutant transformation, biogeochemical processes of redox-active elements, and climate change mitigation with respect to the interaction between biochar and nitrous oxide (N2O). Moreover, we focused on our group’s work in the PCM-enhanced abiotic transformation of nitrogenous and halogenated pollutants and conducted in-depth analysis of the reaction pathways. To understand what properties of PCM confer its reactivity, our group pioneered the use of PCM-like polymers, namely conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), to mimic the performance of PCM. This approach allows for the controlled incorporation of specific surface properties (e.g., quinones) into the polymer network during the polymer synthesis. As a result, the relationship between specific characteristics of PCM and its reactivity in facilitating the decay of a model pollutant was systematically studied in our group’s work. The findings summarized in this account help us to better understand an overlooked environmental process where PCM synergistically interacts with various environmental reagents such as hydrogen sulfide and water. Moreover, the knowledge gained in these studies could inform the design of a new generation of reactive carbonaceous materials with tailored properties that are highly efficient in contaminant removal.

Keywords： pyrogenic carbonaceous matter     Conjugated microporous polymer     remediation     Biochar     Hydrolysis     Pollutant degradation    

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Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck — an old problem revisited

John Bunni, Mark Gillam, Ian Michael Pope

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 517-519 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0300-4

Abstract:

Herein the authors describe the case of a young woman presenting with a tender lump in her groin. Clinically the differential was of either a reactive lymph node or a femoral hernia. Ultrasound scan was urgently arranged and showed a cystic lesion. Surgical exploration was carried out and revealed this to be a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. This was excised and the patient’s symptoms resolved and she was discharged home the following day. We explore the embryology, pathophysiology and management of this rare entity.

Keywords： canal of Nuck     hernia     embryology    

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Effect of process parameters on the density and porosity of laser melted AlSi10Mg/SiC metal matrix composite

FAMODIMU, Mark STANFORD, Chike F. ODUOZA, Lijuan ZHANG

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2018, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 520-527 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0521-y

Abstract:

Laser melting of aluminium alloy—AlSi10Mg has increasingly been used to create specialised products in various industrial applications, however, research on utilising laser melting of aluminium matrix composites in replacing specialised parts have been slow on the uptake. This has been attributed to the complexity of the laser melting process, metal/ceramic feedstock for the process and the reaction of the feedstock material to the laser. Thus, an understanding of the process, material microstructure and mechanical properties is important for its adoption as a manufacturing route of aluminium metal matrix composites. The effects of several parameters of the laser melting process on the mechanical blended composite were thus investigated in this research. This included single track formations of the matrix alloy and the composite alloyed with 5% and 10% respectively for their reaction to laser melting and the fabrication of density blocks to investigate the relative density and porosity over different scan speeds. The results from these experiments were utilised in determining a process window in fabricating near-fully dense parts.

Keywords： selective laser melting     additive manufacturing     mechanical alloying     powder metallurgy     aluminium metal matrix composite    

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Enhanced degradation of trichloroethene by calcium peroxide activated with Fe(III) in the presence of citric acid

Xiang ZHANG,Xiaogang GU,Shuguang LU,Zhouwei MIAO,Minhui XU,Xiaori FU,Muhammad DANISH,Mark L.

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 502-512 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0838-x

Abstract: Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation by Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide (CP) in the presence of citric acid (CA) in aqueous solution was investigated. The results demonstrated that the presence of CA enhanced TCE degradation significantly by increasing the concentration of soluble Fe(III) and promoting H O generation. The generation of HO? and O ? in both the CP/Fe(III) and CP/Fe(III)/CA systems was confirmed with chemical probes. The results of radical scavenging tests showed that TCE degradation was due predominantly to direct oxidation by HO?, while O ? strengthened the generation of HO? by promoting Fe(III) transformation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Acidic pH conditions were favorable for TCE degradation, and the TCE degradation rate decreased with increasing pH. The presence of Cl , HCO , and humic acid (HA) inhibited TCE degradation to different extents for the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Analysis of Cl production suggested that TCE degradation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system occurred through a dechlorination process. In summary, this study provided detailed information for the application of CA-enhanced Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide for treating TCE contaminated groundwater.

Keywords： calcium peroxide     trichloroethene (TCE)     citric acid     ferric ion     free radicals     oxidation    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of chemically based self-consolidating concrete

Mahdi AREZOUMANDI, Mark EZZELL, Jeffery S VOLZ

Journal Article

Compressive and cyclic flexural response of double-hooked-end steel fiber reinforced concrete

GENIKOMSOU; Mark F. GREEN

Journal Article

On Some Important Problems About Concrete Dams

Zhu Bofang

Journal Article

Editorial of the Special Issue on Novel Methodologies in Air Transportation

Jun Zhang, Mark Hansen

Journal Article

2019 highlights of the structural revision of natural product

Zongjia Chen, Mark A. Rizzacasa

Journal Article

Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

Journal Article

Field investigation of intelligent compaction for hot mix asphalt resurfacing

Wei HU,Xiang SHU,Baoshan HUANG,Mark WOODS

Journal Article

Application of electrochemical depassivation in PRB systems to recovery Fe

Xin LU, Miao LI, Hao DENG, Pengfei LIN, Mark R. MATSUMOTO, Xiang LIU

Journal Article

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of high-pressure flames

Jason BASSI, Mark STRINGER, Bob MILES, Yang ZHANG

Journal Article

Integrated energy in Germany–A critical look at the development and state of integrated energies in Germany

Saman AMANPOUR, Daniel HUCK, Mark KUPRAT, Harald SCHWARZ

Journal Article

Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Guangxue WU , Zhenhu HU , Mark G. HEALY , Xinmin ZHAN ,

Journal Article

Reactivity of Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) in mediating environmental reactions: Current knowledge and future trends

Wenqing Xu, Mark L. Segall, Zhao Li

Journal Article

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck — an old problem revisited

John Bunni, Mark Gillam, Ian Michael Pope

Journal Article

Effect of process parameters on the density and porosity of laser melted AlSi10Mg/SiC metal matrix composite

FAMODIMU, Mark STANFORD, Chike F. ODUOZA, Lijuan ZHANG

Journal Article

Enhanced degradation of trichloroethene by calcium peroxide activated with Fe(III) in the presence of citric acid

Xiang ZHANG,Xiaogang GU,Shuguang LU,Zhouwei MIAO,Minhui XU,Xiaori FU,Muhammad DANISH,Mark L.

Journal Article